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Ulcinj Salina, the largest salina in the Adriatic and one of the most important wetland areas in the Balkans, is located in the extreme south of Montenegro, close to the border with Albania. Covering nearly 15 km², it lies just 1 km from the city of Ulcinj and is similarly proximate to Albania. Known for its rich biodiversity, this site has been designated as a Key Biodiversity Area, boasting over 250 bird species.
Ecological and Ornithological Significance
The Ulcinj Salina serves as a crucial stopover for migratory birds along the Adriatic Flyway, akin to a major airport for air traffic, making it an essential hub for bird migration. Species such as the greater flamingo and the Dalmatian pelican are regular visitors, with the latter seeing flocks of up to 100 during the autumn. The salina also supports a variety of other wildlife, including endangered species like the Albanian water frog, the European pond turtle, and the European otter. Its varied habitats, which include grasslands, halophyte vegetation, and reeds, evolved from the salt production areas designed for crystallization and evaporation processes.
Author: Ella Ivanescu
Cultural and Historical Legacy
The salt pans of Ulcinj Salina have a long history of salt production, dating back to ancient times and continuing robustly when the Bajo Sekulic saltworks operated from 1926 to 1934. At its peak, the saltworks employed up to 450 workers, significantly impacting the local economy and community life. The traditional methods of salt extraction—allowing sea water to evaporate in vast pans—created a unique ecosystem that benefited both human and avian populations. This symbiosis between man and nature made Ulcinj Salina a renowned brand, celebrated as a product of sun and sea.
Author: Shane Francis
Conservation Efforts and Modern Challenges
Despite ceasing salt production in 2013 and facing threats from potential development projects aimed at transforming it into a luxury hotel resort, Ulcinj Salina's ecological and historical significance led to its designation as Montenegro's third Wetland of International Importance (Ramsar Site no. 2399) in 2019. It was also declared a Natural Park, securing its status as a protected area. These measures reflect ongoing efforts to preserve the delicate balance of its ecosystem against modern threats.
Recreational and Educational Opportunities
Today, Ulcinj Salina is not only a haven for biodiversity but also a destination for ecotourism and education. The area can be explored year-round on foot or by bike, with seasonal variations in the bird species observed. The Centre for the Protection and Research of Birds in Montenegro (CZIP) offers tours that allow visitors to experience the beauty of the salina and its avian inhabitants up close, highlighting the importance of ongoing conservation initiatives.
Ulcinj Salina embodies the harmony between human activity and natural processes, continuing to enchant visitors with its historical richness and ecological diversity. The concerted efforts by conservationists, researchers, and local authorities aim to ensure that this historic site remains a beacon of sustainable development and environmental stewardship for future generations.
Author: Center For Protection And Research Of Birds Of Montenegro
A Vital Link in the European Green Belt
Ulcinj Salina is not only a treasure of Montenegro but also an integral part of the European Green Belt, an initiative that promotes conservation along the former Iron Curtain from the Arctic to the Adriatic. As a key component of this ecological network, Ulcinj Salina contributes to the preservation of biodiversity along one of Europe’s most significant natural corridors. Read more about the European Green Belt.